Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of Hepatic, Billiary, and Pancreas (HBP) has a grim prognosis. Analysis of cancer-related death of the U.S.A. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) over the past decades lets modest optimism for changing the poor outcome if current therapeutic strategy design will be continued. These unmet clinical needs reflect too slow progress in understanding tumorigenesis, metastasis as well as primary and acquired therapeutic resistance. This lack of precise targeting of molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance explain multiple negative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with exception of recorafenib a new targeted drug in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Rapid refinement and validity of next-generation sequencing (NGS) create exciting expectations for identifying cancer driver genes and druggable mutational landscape. In this review, NGS including targeted NGS, whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) are analyzed and discussed. Moreover, potential and challenges for detection of robust biomarkers and novel drug discovery based on the identification of new oncotargets are extensively described.

(Citation: Gastric & Breast Cancer 2017; 12(1): 31-66)

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